Graphene opened the door to the world of two-dimensional materials, a new generation of 2D materials is rapidly expanding the frontier. Materials like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and black phosphorus offer diverse electronic, optical, and magnetic properties. These atomically thin crystals exhibit semiconducting, insulating, and even ferroelectric behaviors not found in graphene. Their layer-dependent properties allow precise control over bandgaps, making them ideal for nanoelectronics, sensing, and optoelectronics.
2D heterostructures created by stacking different monolayers enable custom-designed quantum devices and tunable interfaces. Unlike bulk materials, they support strain engineering, valleytronics, and ultra-low energy switching mechanisms. Their chemical versatility opens pathways for functional coatings, catalysts, and energy conversion systems.
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